Understanding ADHD

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a chronic neurodevelopmental condition that affects both children and adults. It involves ongoing patterns of Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that can impact learning, behaviour, and social interactions. ADHD is linked to brain development and genetics and can be managed effectively with therapy, medication, and support.

Core Symptoms

• Inattention – Trouble focusing, organizing, and completing tasks
• Hyperactivity – Fidgeting, restlessness, and constant movement
• Impulsivity – Acting without thinking, interrupting, and poor self-control

Diagnosis

Diagnosis with a Psychologist

• A psychologist can assess children and adolescents for attention, learning, anxiety, and cognitive concerns. They may conduct ADHD assessments, recommend therapy, and refer to other specialists if needed.

Therapy and Non-Medication Support:

• Psychologists and occupational therapists offer behavioural therapy and strategies to support children with ADHD. If medication is considered, they may suggest a referral to a paediatrician or psychiatrist.

Diagnosis with a Paediatrician

A GP referral is required to see a paediatrician. The paediatrician will assess ADHD and related conditions and may recommend behavioural therapy or medication. If therapy is needed, they will refer to the appropriate allied health clinician.

• Initial Paediatrician Appointment

The initial assessment includes a review of emotional, cognitive, and physical development, sleep and nutrition, and behavioural concerns. The paediatrician may request questionnaires from parents, teachers, and older children, as well as blood tests or other investigations and any other reports. A follow-up appointment is usually scheduled.

• Follow-Up and Diagnosis

The paediatrician will review reports and questionnaires, gather input from both home and school settings, and discuss findings with the family. A diagnosis or provisional diagnosis may be provided, along with a management plan.

• Management Plan

  □ Treatment may include

  □ Therapy (Psychologist or OT)

  □ Sleep and nutrition support

  □ Medication trials (e.g., stimulants or anxiety meds)

  □ School communication

  □ Progress monitoring via questionnaires

• Medication Review

If medication is started, a review is scheduled within a few weeks to monitor effectiveness and side effects. A face-to-face review is required in about eight weeks to check growth, appetite, and blood pressure.

• Ongoing Management

Children on medication will need regular reviews every six months with their paediatrician or GP, and annual specialist reviews. Timely appointments are important to ensure prescriptions are renewed without delay.

Referrals and Medicare

You do not need a GP referral to see a psychologist or occupational therapist. However, a GP referral is required to see a paediatrician. Medicare rebates may be available through a Mental Health Care Plan or Team Care Plan. Please note that formal ADHD diagnostic assessments are not covered by Medicare unless part of a mental health investigation.